Arc-lamp.



am 0 9 1 L 2 .P P A D E T N E T A P J 00 3 3 5w 00 m N ARC LAMP. APPLIUATIDN FILED DEG. 12,1903

n r r o. t l WLI e s 2 v m m 2w 4 1 n my b PATENTED APR. 21, 1908.

J. HZSRDEN.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.12,1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET z.

Invenhor: deharwwrdn, by @064 v fmt UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHANNES llllltDEN, b SUllENlQC'lADY, NEW YORK, ASSlGNOlt T0 GENERAL ELECTRIC lOMPANY, A (.Ol'lPOlt-VFION OF NEW YORl\'.

ARC-LAMP.

-'No. 885,338. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented April 21, 1908.

Applicationfiled December 12, 1903. Serial No. 184,876.

To all whom it may concern: trating the circuits of the lamp; and Fig. ('3 is Beltl n0wn that 1, Jonas Nns llll'nDl'lN, a a partial sectional elevation taken on the line subject of the King of Norway and Sweden, (3 (i of Fig. 4.

residing at Schenectady, county oi Schenec- Referring to the drawing, 1 represents-a tady, State of New Yorlghave invented cerlamp cap or top on the upper side of which 60 tain new and-useful Improvements in Arcl suitable means are provided by which the Lamps, of which the following is a specilicalamp may be suspended. From the under tlon. v side of the cap or top I an integrally-lormed The object of my present invention is the tubular boss-2 depends. This boss is thread- 19 im rovernent of are lamps. More particued interiorly to, receive the threaded upper 55 lar y my present invention relates to alterend of a short metal tube 1;, as is clearly hating current are lamps in which. the major shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. portion of the illumination-from the lamp' is The boss 2 has a scries ol a )crturcs al'ormed given by allaming or luminous arc,'as distin in it. The lower end of t he tube 3 is also guished from-those in which practically all threaded to engage the upper end of the 70 of the illumination comes from electrodes interiorly threaded cylinder 5 extending heated to incandescence. l/Vith 'the electhrough and integrally connected to a circutrodcs employed in these lamps the products :ar member 6. The upper end oi a section I of combustion from the are are not all pcr of metal tube 5 is threaded into the lower end 0 manent gases, as is substantially tl1c case ol' the cylinder The section 8, which is 7'5 ihcre carbon electrodes'are employed, but similar to section I; except that it is considdnntain matter which condenses to. solid erably longer, is also threaded at its lower form. This necessitates a lamp arranged so ends to engage an interiorly threaded tubuthat the solid matter cannot be deposited lar boss 9', projecting upward from the diskwhere it will clo up or otherwise hurt- .theshaped platform 10: The section 8 is sur- .30

operation of the amp. rounded by a layer .11 ol' n'iaterial which is an Satisfactory electrodes giving a flaming or insulator both ol heat and electricity. luminous are have been hercto'lore employed A hollow member 12, in the form of the in direct current are lamps, and are but very frustum of a cone, prelcrablylormcd of sheet 3:) slowly consumed in air at the. temperacopper, is secured to the under side of the tures attained by them in operation. For platform 10 and extends in line and inyo wen use in alternating current lamps, however, it con'nnunication .with the sections 3 an 8. has been found desirable to employ in one of In the construction shown in the drawings the electrodes, at least, a composition which the upper and smaller end of the member 12 e5 rapidly wastes away in air at the temperais secured. to an annular member 13 which ture attained by it. I have devised means, abuts against a metallic washer 14 secured to tl'ierel'ore, l'or protecting this'elmrt'rodc o'l'uthe the platform 10 by a pair of screws 15. The lam l'rom combustion; screws 15 are insulated from the platform '10, T 10.. lamp which I have hereinafter dc- I in any suitable manner, and a layer 16 of in- 43 scribed and illustrated in detail is cliai'zi. .-l.(n'- sulating material is interposed between the ized by many novel. features, all ol' which washer 1.4 and the under side of the platwill he pointed out with particularity in the form 10. Clamping nuts 17 on the end of claims annexcdto andlorming a part.- of this the screwsf'lfi are employed for holding the specification. annular member 113 against the washer '14 For a better .nnderstamling ol' my invcnand the platform, if). Brel eral'il open tion rel'ercnce may be had to the accoinpnended slots 18 are iotlned ln the tan e 13 nying drawing, in which i have illustrated throughwhich the scl'cws pass. This acilione embodimentol' it. tates a ready removal of the member 12 from ()l the drawings, Figure l is an elevation the platform 10' whenever it becomes .dewitli-tli( .rasii1g and part. of the mechanism in siral'ilc. Niththe construction employed it section and the globe broken away; Fig. 2' is will be seen that the member 12 is secured to a sectional elevation of the lamp on the line thoplatfrom 10'but is at the same time in-.- i 2. 2 of Fi 4; Fig. 3 is an elevation showing "sulated therefrom. One side of thenonical the feeding coils; Fig. 4 is a section taken on member12 is flattened, as indlcated' at 12,

a the line4 4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5isadia ramillus to obt suficient clearancefor the e1ec- 11o inserted in the tubu tubular member or bushing trode carrying mechanism. Slits 12 are formed in the member 12 to prevent noisy vibration ofthe member which might otherwise be produced by the draft.

A bridge piece 19, which maybe formed of copper, is diametrically located in the member 12, being secured thereto at opposite ends by screws 19. The bridge member 19 is formed with a tub ular. enlargement 20 midway between its ends. -A tube 2]., which may be formed of copper, has its lower end ar enlargement 20 to which it'is detachably connected by screws 22. The upper end of the tube 21 is closed by a lug or member 23. 'A follower block 24, which is )referably formed of copper and has a snug s idin fit in the tube 21, rests on the upper end 0' the upper electrode 25 of the lamp which projects into,the tube-21. The electrode 25 is somewhat smaller in diameter than the body of the tube 21-. Lugs 21 extend in from the tube 21 to revent the fol-.

lower 24 from passing out of t e lower end of the tube. These lugs, however, do not prevent the movement of the electrode 25. A 26, which is preferably formed of cop er, projects into the lower end of the tubu which it is detachably secured y screws 27 As is clearly shown in Fig. 2, the lower endof the tube 21 abuts against the upper end of the tubular member 26, so that the'tubular enlargement 20 constitutes a, coupling be tween the tubes 21 and 26. A tubular guard 28 formed of some infusible non-conducting material such as fire clay surrounds the tus ace 26 exists between the through the will bular member 26. The outer surface ofthe tubular member 26 flares out at its lower end and the member 28 rests upon this surface. The lower end of the inner surface of the member 28 flares upward so that an annular lower ends of t a members 26 and 28.

. A- pawl 30 is mounted in a chamber or recess formed for the purpose in the bridge member 19. 31 which is journaled'in the bridge member 19. The shaft 31 projects through the tubularmember 12 and carries at its outerend an arm 32, thefree end of which is bifurcated.

A rod .33,- which is sliding'ly mountedin an insulating bushing 34, passes transversely platform 10 and carries at its lower end a pm 35 which passes between the bifurcations of the arm 32. A helical spring 36 surrounds the lower end of the rod 33 ex tendin between the bushing34 and the arm 32. T erod 33 is prevented from dropping through the bushing 34 b a cross-head or nut 37 which is adjustab y secured at the upper end of the rod. This cross-head or nut carries a rojection 3 8, the pur ose of which be ereinafter explains at length.- When the free end of the arm 32 is in the position shown in Fig. 1,' asit normally is under arenlar ement 20 to Pawl 30 is carried by a shaft,

engage and lift the the action of the spring 36, the pawl 30 is in position to engage the electrode 19, but when the rod 33 is moved up, as hereinafter described, the pawl 30 is oscillated into a position in which it no longer engages the carbon 19 which is then free to slide in the tube 15.

An arm 39 having a lower out-turned end 40 is secured to, but insulated from, thelower end of a U-sl1aped laminated armature 41. The legs of the U-shaped armature 41 pass axially into one each of a pair of tubular magnet cells 42. These magnet coils, which may be of ordinary construction, have lugs 431projecting from their end pieces 44. Suitab e screws passing through these lugs secure the magnet coils to the tube section 8. One member 45 of a dash pct 45 is secured to the under side of the armature 41. member 46 of the dash pot is secured to the platform 10. The two members of the dash pot are arranged to'prevent a rapid downward movement of the armature 41 without retarding its upward movement. A bracket 47 is secured to, but insulated from, the up per end of the tube section. A rod 48 extends from'the under side of the bracket 47 toward the platformll). The'lower end of the rod 48 is directly connected to a washer or plate 49 which is secured to, but insulated from, theplatform-lO, by a similar plate 50 of insulating material. A rod51 also extends down from the bracket 47 parallel to the rod 48. The rod'51, which may be secured to the bracket in a suitable manner, as by a threaded connection, passes downward through apertures formed for the purpose in platform 10, and plates 49 and 50. 52 surrounds the major portion of the rod 51 which forms a guide u on'which'the tube may be moved longitu inally. An arm 53 extending at right angles from the lower end,

of the tube'52 carries at its outer end a socket in which the consuming negative electrode 54, which is slightly larger than the electrode 25, is held in line'with. the electrode 25 and with the axis of the tube sections '3, 8 and 12.

A11 arm 55 is clamped to the upper end of the tube 52. I bifur'cated and the-bifurcations straddle the rod 48. The arm 55 forms a means for preventing rotation of the tube 52 and con sequent angular displacement of the electrode 54 about said tube. f

A clutch 59 (if-ordinary constructionconnects the armature "41 and -the tube 52.

the rod 5, pii oted thereto. .One end of the pawl is pro- The outer end of the arm 55 is The tubular yoke 60 of theoluteh 59surrounds and the pawl 61 of the, clutch is.

The other A tube v vided with an apertgre through which the shank 45 of the dash pot member-45 passes. Theother end of the pawl is adapted to firmly whichsurrounds the tube 52 and a pawl'6 5 rod 52 in the ordinary.

'pawl 65 is preferably formed with an aper ture through which the rod 48 passes. This prevents angular displt-ieement ol' the elutch.

A member 07 adjustahly secured to the This member is' provided with a bifurcated extension 0% which straddles the tube 52; The upper surface. ol the extension 08 forms a stop,- against which the yoke 60 of the eluteh 59 rests when the armature 41 is at the lower limit of its movement. The n'lemher 07 is provided at its underside with a lug 00 which forms a stop against which the outer end of the pawl 05 impinges when the tube 52 is given a sullicient upward movemen t.- This im )ingement causes the clutch to release the tn 0 F2. An adjustable collar is mounted upon the. rod 48 against the upper side of which the outer end of the pawl 05 nornurlly rests. A tube 71 surrounds the tube 52.. The upper end of the'tuhe 71 is provided with an out-turned flange 71 which prevents the tube from dropping through the washer 40 and the platform 10. The tube 71, which is arranged to telescope or slide on the tube'f'rl, may he forced-upward against the under side of the yoke 6.4 to cause the clutch 03 to release the tube 52 wli enever it may be desirable, as in trimming the lam p.

A pair of magnet -coils 74tand 75 which are clamped between-end plates 7 G'hy bolts 77 are secured to, but insulated from, thetuhe section 8 near its'upper end by means ofserews passing through projections 78 frotn the end pieces. A movable core or plunger 70 of magnetic material 18 located near the .lower end of the coil 74, ukl ar or rod 80 is seenred to the upper end of the core 79, and the other end of the rod 80 is pivotall'y connet-led to a. l ]1G].11l)(-1'.8l whichis pivot-ed in lugs or projections from the upper end memher 7 0. The. opposite end of the-member 81 eomprises a strip'82 ol= flexible material at the outer end of Which a contact member 83,

Wllit'll may consist of .a block. of carbon, is A cooperating*rontact member 84,

earried. M which may also he iormet'l' ot a. block of car.-

hou, is seeured 'to the under side= of a bent arm carried hythe it )per end piece 70.

A movable core 87, which is located in the tubular coil 75, is secured at its lower'end to a (-qpsshead' 83 which carries bushings 89 rejecting downward from the lower end lie-heal springs00 surround the bolts 89. The lowe'rpnds of these springs rest-- on nuts on nuts 01. which may be adjnsted along the The spring 60" plate 76 pass.

member 81 and arm 85 the ends of conduc springs. The core 87 carries an upwardly 5 extending rod or plunger 02, which under some cire umstanecs engages the under side of a spring projection 93 from the member 81 which extends beneath the flexible member 82. 4 The (ores 7t) and 87 are termed of magnetic material which may he shaped in any suitable manner for use in alternating current, as h laminating it. In order to im- :1. prove the artion of the (oils T-t aud75 tubular liloeks or cores 7E) and 8? of magnetic material may be secured in the upper ends ol the coils 7-1 and 75 resperti\'ely. The rods or bars 80 and 02 slide in the bores ol the blocks 79 and 87 respectively. When the coil 74 isenergized the core 70, located in the lower portion of the toil; is urged upward. The upward movement of the eore rocks the member 81 and separates the eont'acts'St and 83. When the eoil 75 is energized, its core, which is also located in the lower portion of the coil 75, is urged upward. he engagc. ment between the plunger 02 and the spring member 03 tends to oscillate the members] in 'the direction whichwill again bring thecontacts 83 and 84 together. (lamping screws 94 and 95 carried by the arm 85 and the member 81 respeetively secure to the" tors, a circuit through which may be con trolled by the contacts 83 and S4. A casing T 96 extendsbetween the platform 10 and the J hootl 6' to which'it is securedby suitable screws or bolts 97. Near the lower end of the casing 06 suitable apertures 98 are formed 10-; in the casing for-the purpose of ventilating the lamp mechanism. A hood 99 prevents dust and moisture from entering these eper tures. The casing 96 may be surrounded at the portion where these apertures are located by a screen 1001 The connection between the casing and the hood 6 is such that suitable passages exist there through which. the

air heated by the mechanism of the lamp" may pass out of the casing. H

An annular member 101 located beneath the platform 10 carries a globe 102 which su'r-fl' T rounds the-electrode. The annularmernber i 101 is secured to the casing 96 in any suitable manner as'hy the pioted members .103 and- 104'connected to the member.101, and lugs l 1 105 carried by the hood 99. The form of 1am which-l have described iii-detail is intende to operateina constant p alternatingcurrentizireult. In the diagram shown in Fig 5, 106 and 107 represent thel lamp terminals. Aconduotor 108 extends from the terminailOfi to'the tube 52 which supports the lower electrode ofthe lalnpi -A conductor 109 extends from theIIimZIOS mm one terminal of the magnet coils 42 which are in series with each other; the other terminal of the magnet coils 42 is connected to the contact 83 by aconductor 109". i The contact 84 is connected to a conductor 110 by means of a conductor 111. The conductor-110 extends between the terminal107 and one terminal of the coil 74; the other terminal of the coil 74 is connected to the upper electrode of the .lamp by a conductor 112. One terminal of the coil 75 is connected t9 the line 109 at the oint 11.3, and the other terminal of the coil isconnected to, the line 112 at the point 1 14.

The lamp mechanism shown in the various figures is in the out-of-service position.

When..the lamp is connected in circuit cur rent will pass between the terminals 106 and. 107 through the conductors 108 and 109, windings of the feed magnet coils, conductor 109, contacts 83 and 84, and conductor 111. The assage. of, current! through the magnet cois 42 will cause the armature to be attracted which will thus throu h the clutch 59 raise the tube 52 and thereby the lower electrode 54 until then per end of the electrode en ages the stop orm'ed-by the lower end the bushing 26, the bore in which the electrode is too large to enter.

Before the up er end of the lower electrode has reached t e upward limit of its movement the arm 39 carried by the armature 41 will engage the projection 38 of the plunger The continued upward movement of the arm 39 willcause an oscillation of the arm 32 and pawl which will disengage the latter from the upper electrode'25 which will drop into engagement with the lower electrode. As soon as current in an appreciable amount begins to flow between the electrodes of the lamp the coil 74 which is in series with the electrodeswill raise its arma;

ture and separate the contacts 83 and 841 The magnet coils '42will then be deenergized and the tube 52 will drop backward a distance equal tothe movement of the pawl 63 be- .I about as far as shown .in' F ig. 2.

. After the contacts 83 and 84 are separated a circuit will still exist through the windings ofthe magnet Cells 42 and the winding of the coil, 75 between the oints 108 and 114; this circuit, it will beo served, is in shunt to the arcf the winding of the coil 7 5 has a high resistance, current passing throu h the coils. 42 under these circumstances wil not be sufficient to attract the armature 40.

When, for any reason, the voltage of the are rises above a paledetermined amount the current flowing t great enough, however, to raise the armature 87 by means of the plunger or rod 92 and, overbalancing the action'of the armature 79, force the contacts' 83 and '84 together, whereupon the lamp will again feed. This will be formed and compensate for the electrode springs 90 can be adjusted and the by the arc voltage, whichwill cause the core 7 to move the contacts 83 and 84 together against the action of the core 79, can be regulated. When, in consequence of a redetermined rise in the arc voltage the coil 75 is operatively energized, the armature87 israised until it is brought into an equilibrated position by the flow of the alternating current through-the coils against the counter-acting exerted upon the armature by the spring member 93. tliebody ot the armature-87 approaches the';blocl; 87 the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit energized by the coil 75 is reduced. The spring member 93 forms a ielding or resilient abutment against which bears and serves when'the coil 75 is operatively energized to take up the vibrations of in said coil. When-the armature 87 has the contact.85, the flexible or resilientmember 82 assists somewhat in taking n such vibrations'f ent support against which the upper end-of the rod 92 may impinge possesses the advantages among others, of doing away with the chattering noise otherwise ex erienced. The sprin s 90 also aid in ren ering the action of t e-core 87 noiseless.

. The combustion products of the arc pass upward'through the-chimney formed by the sections 2, 8: and 12 and 1 are dischar e'd through the openings formed in the hoo or cap .1. Suite le space exists between the upper end of the globe 102 and member 101 to allow the admission. of the air necessary to create a proper draft. The lower electrode may be composed principally of titanium carbid or some other substance yielding a luminous arc which-is not readily oxidized and is slowly consumed. It has been found electrode a considerable amount of'carbon.

to such electrodes for use in alternating current arc lamps, as Ihave claimed them in another -application, Serial No. 184,564, filed December 10, 1903.

As is well known, unless means. are taken to protect the upper electrode from the action of the air, it will'be rapidly consumed.

ough the winding 75 will be cause a new are of predetermined length to.

portions which have been consumed By adjusting the nuts 91 the tension of the force of gravity supplemented by the forcemovecl the'contact 83 into engagement with The provision of a yiel mg resili the upper end of therod 92 desirable, however, to employ-in the upper V I make no claim in my 'present applicatien the pawl 33, tho elcclrodc will drop down on direct 'current circuits and on. coi'istant below thc bushing 26 is, in thc ofmration of I the lamp, surrounded by a practically nonby tho ar'c,. l also be slowly (-onsumt-d.

oxidizing atmosphcrc crcatcd this electrode wi When the clcctrodc 25 becomes so short that tho up'pcr and ol the electrode passes below and l'orm a low-resistanec connoction. botween thc lowcr electrode and thobushinu' 26, which is in electrical connection with one terminal of thelamp, thus obviating the nocessity for an automatic cut-out to protect the lamp when the upper electrode is consumed.

The guard or shield 28 lorn'iod ol tire clay, or other insulating; material, prevents it tends ency of the arc to Wander up the side of the bushing. 26. The connection. of the bridgo. member 19 to the thin shell 12 vcry largely increases the heatulissipating capacity of the. tubular member 24) and bushing 26. This prevents them from reaching temperatures at which they would be readily oxidize-d, With the construction shown the bushing 26 and guard .28 may be readily renewed when necessary.

YVhile the lamp which lv have hcrcinbclorc described is particularly adapted for use on constant alternating current circuits, it will be readily understood that the minor changes which may be necessary to adapt it. for use potential circuits, can readily bc accomplished by those skilled in the art.

What I claim as now, and desire. to sot-urn by Letters Patent ol the L'nitcd Status, is-- 1. In an arc lamp, a tubc or casing in which tho updcr clcctrodc ol' the himpl ocit-ted, said tube. or casing being l'ormed in dota-chablo sections, a coupling for tho scctions the section ndjarcnt the arc living 'l'ormw'l ol' said means releasing the upper electrode, and. means for causing; said locking means to engage the u p per electrode again only alter the lower elcctrmle has scparatcd a predctermincd distance from said member.

. 4. in an arc lamp, :1 pair of electrodes, a solenoid and means actuated thcrcby for positivcly lceding the. lower clectrode whcn encrgizod and releasing theupper clcct-rodc to food. by gravity, switch controlling the cncrg'ization o'l said solenoid, a son-es coil.

sonic good. conducting metal, and a guard or shield ol refractory non-comltwting material which surrounds said sci-Lion.

2. In an arthimp, an upper electrode,

n'ieans 'l'or locking it. in place, a stop, a lower I electroglc and moans l'or' moving it against the stop, and means for causing the lot-kingmoans to release. tho uppcr elcctrode as thv 5 lower electrode strikes the stop. f

3. in an arc lamp, n lnbulnr llllilllim', an; upper clcctrodc loi-atcd thr-rnin, means lorlocking;- thc upper cligclrode in fixed relati n to said incmbor, a lowcr electrode, means for n'uiVingsaid electrode. nuninsl lln, lnembur, 1

openingsaid switch, and a shunt coil for closing said switch.

5. in an 'rlit' lttll'll), a central chimney incinbcr for carrying oll' arc prod cts forming tho backbone oi the lamp, a casing centrally located in said. chimney, and an electrode movnbly locatcd in said casing.

6. In an arc lamp, a series coil and a shunt coil arranged side by sldc, armaturcs for each of the coils. n pivoted member and a circuit controlled thereby, means connecting the armature ol" the series coil and tho pivoted member wlnircby the series coil when. encrgizod will normally maintain said circuit opcn, and a llexiblc connection bctwccn the armature ol the shunt coil and thc pivoted memberwhereby when. tlic shunt (-Oll is oner tg'izcd by a prmletcrmined current the rircuit will be rloscd.

7. in a luminous arc lamp, a long centrally located draft tube or chimney constituting the backbonc oi thc lamp, a tube or casing;-

located tllcrcin, and an. clcctrodc projecting from tho lowcr cnd ol thn tubc or casing.

8. In a luminous arc lamp, :1. long" centrally locatcd draft tube constituting the backbono ol? thc lamp, a consuming clcctrodc in saidtubc with its lower and arcmgend adjacent the lowcr end of the draft tube or chimney, and, means l'or prottmting the body oi thc clcctrodc from tho action ol tho gascs in said tube.

9. In an arc lamp, ['ccdin; innchanism including a pair of contacts, moans l'or holding said contactsin cngagnmcntwith each othcr when tho lamp is out ol service, a coil in series wit h thc'arc normally acting to separate said contacts whcn current is llowinp through Lhc lamp, and a coil in shuntto the arc for bringing about an cngagemcnt bctwcen said contacts rcgardlessnl' tho cnnrgrization of tho sci-ins coil whencvvr tho voltagc ol' tho arc riscs above a pro:lctcrinined amount.

ln witness whorcol, l lmve'hcreunto sct my hand this 7th day of lJec-cmbor, lJQi-i.

.lUllANNlCH llAl l)IC.\' Wit ncssest Jonx (J. ltown, JAM l-lr-l Ayrnosr. 

